Recurrence of Escherichia coli meningitis in a preterm infant and co-infection of echovirus 18

Introduction Bacterial meningitis may relapse after adequate antibiotic treatment. In most cases, however, the pathophysiology cannot be identified. Presentation of case We describe a preterm infant with recurrent episodes of meningitis due to infection with an identical Escherichia coli strain both at birth and at 10 days after cessation of a 3 week course of appropriate antibiotic treatment. At the time of recurrence, the patient presented with fulminant severe cardiac failure due to acute myocarditis, coupled with a concurrent echovirus 18 infection (confirmed by stool culture and serological analysis). Conclusion Co-infection by echovirus may underlie recurrence of Escherichia coli meningitis in this case.